Tragic trade?offs accompany carnivore coexistence in the modern world

Two vital policy aims—biodiversity conservation and food production—are increasingly in conflict. Efforts to evaluate trade-offs between agriculture have shaped scholarly discourse around two broad strategies agricultural production that seek either “share” land with biodiversity or “spare” from agriculture. However, efforts negotiate these are challenged by rising concern for the welfare of individual animals, both wild domestic. We use recent “coexist” large carnivores illustrate how sharing sparing create tragic, often unacknowledged livestock carnivore conservation. conclude best means conserving while feeding world's growing population requires explicitly confronting adjudicating ethical associated approaches. To accomplish this, we recommend engaging scholars trained ethics social justice deliberative processes synthesize disparate facts competing values when evaluating trade-offs.